Front-wheel brake



192 Aug 7 H. PERROT FRONT WHEEL BRAKE] Original Filed g- 25, 1922 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 IN VE/V TUB l/ENR/ PEREO'I' Aug. 30, 1927.

40,577 H. PERROT FRONT WHEEL BRAKE Original Filed Aug. 25, 1922 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented thirst. 30, 1927.

UETED STATES HENRI PERROT, OF PARIS, FRANCE, ASSIGNOB TO BENDIX CORPORATION, OF CHICAGO,

PATENT OFFICE.

ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION OF ILLINOIS.

FRONT-WHEEL BRAKE.

Original application filed August 25, 1922, Serial No. 584,324. Divided and this application filed January 29, 1924.

Thisinvention relates to improvements in front wheel brakes for motor vehicles and is a division of my application Serial No. 584,324, filed August 25, 1922.

It is the principal object of this present application to provide means or mechanism for applying brakes to the steering wheel oi the vehicle. which means onmechanism will be, simple in construction and readily applied to the vehicle.

Another object of my invention is to provide a brake control mechanism. of such design and so mounted on a vehicle that a differentiating action may be automatically obtained, whereby the brakes are applied with substantially equal force on steering wheels when driving straight ahead and with a. less force on the outer wheel than on the inner wheel, when the steering wheels are turned.

A still further object of my invention is to provide brake control mechanism, which can have its main operating parts enclosed, whereby they are protected from water, dirt; dust and other detrimental agents.

These and other objects will be apparent to one skilled in this art after a study of the specification taken in connection with the annexed drawings in which:

Figure 1 is an elevation of the brake as mounted on a wheel.

Figure 2 is a vertical section through the wheel and brake mcchanisi'n.

Figure 3 is a section of the brake cam an its support, together with the brake segments.

Figure 4 is a plan view of Fig. 3.

Figure 5 is a side view of the steering spindle.

Figure 6 is a profile view thereof.

Figure 7 is a view of the cam and joint mechanism detached Figure 8 is a diagrammatic view to illustratc the dill'erentiating action produced alidmiiatically by the steering of the vehicle.

In the various views like numbers refer to corresi ending parts. As shown in the draw- :ing, the wheel spindle 5 is provided with a "lisc stamped or cast integral therewith. This disc is provided with two project-ions Serial No. 689,219.

18 and 19 (Figs. 5 and 6) carrying the levers 16 and 17 (Fig. 1) which serve for steering and for securing the rods connecting both wheels, at the same time, the said disc serves to reinforce the bosses 20 and 21 (Fig. 2) which are the bearings of the spindle 22 of the front axle 23 and it. acts also at 24: and 25 (Fig. 5) as a stop piece for the turning of the wheels. The said disc is thus atlording several effects which are ordinarily afforded by numerous different pieces. Moreover, it will be noted that the steering, spindle is of an absolute symmetric construction, so, that it will be used as well for the left as for the right hand wheel, whereby the manufacture is easier and the whole structure much more resistant.

The disc 10 which is the support for the brake segments is secured to the disc 15 while the brake drum 8 is secured to the hub '2. By this disposition the steering spindle is located within the brake and is not seen from the exterior. A cylindrical and hollow boss 38 (Fig. 2) is provided on the disc 10 and contains and supports the brake cam 14. The latter is thus held at both ends on the one hand by the boss 38 and on the other hand by the universal joint 39; at the same time,.the said cam is laterally maintained in a position which is determined by the extremities 11 'of the brake segments 9 which are always in contact therewith under the action of the segments return spring 19. (Fig. 3). The extremities of the segments are caused to pass through two slits 13 rovided in the boss 38 (Fig. 2) in front ot the active portion of the cam, said slits having at the same time the purpose of guiding said extremities in a convenient manner. The mounting of this device is rapid while the device itself is resistant and economical. The cam is ac'ctualed by the actuating rod 40 joined at one end to said cam by the universal joint 39 and at the other end to the frame 41 of the car by a universal telescopic joint. A lever 12 is keyed on said actuating rod 40 and operated by a pedal which may be actuated by the driver. It will be noted that arm 42 is outside the chassis frame, i. e.

can

it is between the universal support or joint at the chassis frame member 41 and the universal joint 39. This rrangeinent, as compared with arranging the arm on the inner end of a shaft passing through the frame, minimizes the weakening of the tranic. and simplifies the connections, which may readily be run along the outside of member 4.

The ball member 3.) of the unimrsal joint, has two annular g roorcs all and at?) at right. angles to each other. within which grooves are positioned rcspectirely bifurcated end all of the rod 40 and the bifurcated end 47' of the cam member 14. As shown in Fig". 2. the universal joint is mounted in the boss 28 so that a lcast some part of the joint is in the axial line of the spindle outer whccl decreased.while that on the,

pivot. Ftllllltl'lllOlG a very important feature oi my invention is the positioning of the control rod -t-(l on the non-rotating part oi the rchiclc in such a position that the angle hut-ween the axis f this control rod and the axis of the steerin pivot is differ- MrI'fI'Om 90, i. e. so that the axis of the steering pivot does not coincide with the vertical axis of the universal joint. If this angle be designated as u, when the same is greater than 90, so that these two axes cross each other in one direction I have found that the effect on turning thc steering wheels is such that the braking; force on the inner wheel is increased; and if the angle a, is less tl an 90. so that. the axes cross in the reverse direction. then the braking forceis in reverse order from that just described; while if-the angle be exactly 90. with the axes coincident, an cqual braking effect should he obtained for all conditions of steering. This will he readily undcrstood by reference to the diagram, Fig". 8,

wherein the point T is a given point, on the universal joint member along: the lineof the groove carrying the control rod 4:0. in turning the wheel the hall 39 revolves about the axle pivot line and the point T is, therefore. moved to the point V. This means that the point V must. move upward to the point U, thereby automatically turning the control rod 420: and from the inspection of Fig. 2. when a left-hand turn is made this would he in a directioi'i to assist or augment the pull on the lever 42, thereby increasing til-raking, eflcct on the inside wheel, while decreasing: it on the out-- si tile wheel.

it will thus be seen that. I have d very snnple and ready means tor 11;: this difierentiatuig action.

provitobtair In order to fully understand the action or the brake control n1 chanism av brief description of the mounting of the wheel to the axle is given as 'tollows:

the steering spindt .22, inclined with reto the wheel spindle. is. shown'herein .parts shown. in which a. cup made. of

metal or other naterial. is secured to one of the parts ot the ball thrust, while a tight joint for instance made of cork, is secured to the other part. A. cup 35 secured to the one part covering another similar cup secured to the other part without; preventing the rotation of one part with respect to the other. as both cups are adapted. to rub slightly on each other along their contact surface. These joints have for their object. to insure lubrication of the pivoted members while prcrcnting any oil escape.

The lubrication of the pivot is characterized in that it will be afforded from the exterior without reducing the tightness of the brake which remains complete. A cap 26 (Fig. 2) is pivotally mounted on a spew vial piece 28 secured to the upper bushing 27 of the steering spindle andis provided with a boss 29 supporting the oiler 30. The latter is disposed exteriorly. a cover tllheing arranged between said oiler and the cap 26; said cover 31 closes then the single nonlight part of the brake while providing ,an excess front the exterior for theoilintt.

Lastly. a special mounting of the stalling box oi" the hub 2 of the wheel 1 on the spindle 3 prevents any escape of oil towards the brakes and insures a complete security as the wheel cannot be detached from the spindle in case of accident. The stutling'box (Fig. 2) comprises three parts: a ring 7, ailording the clamping of the ball bearing 4 from the outside. is serewedwn the huh 2 of the wheel 1. A washer 5 is pressed between the hearing 4 and the spindle 3, while a packing 6 made of cork or other like material is disposed between the washer 5 and the ring 7. Said packing 6 having large contact surfaces constitutes a tight joint. "If a rupture of the ball bearings should happen the latter do not maintain the wheel any more hut said Wheel will he maintained on thespindle 3 as the side check of the ring? secured to the hub 22 will be retained by the washer 5 secured to the spindle 3. It is to be understood that in the braking system herein described,

the arrangement is such. that no eompensatof the appended claims.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is:

1. In a front "wheel for motor vehicles, in combination, a brake drum secured to said wheel, a wheel '5 indie, a disc provided on said wheel spin le, a steering spindle rotatably mounted on said disc, another disc secured to the said first disc, two brake segments pivotally secured to said second disc at one extremity, a hollow boss on said second disc, two slits provided on said boss, the movable extremities of said brake segments entering said slits, a brake cam in said hollow boss supported by the latter and coopcrating with the inner faces of said movable extremities of the brake segments, means for operating said cam, and means connected to said first disc for turning the wheel.

2. Means for operating brakes on a wheel carried by a spindle pivoted to an axle of a vehicle comprising, a brake drum carried by the wheel, a disc on said wheel spindle assiting in carrying the axle pivot, a circular plate secured to said disc and fittipg over the opening of the drum and having brake shoes supported thereon, a hollow boss on said plate and having openings in the walls thereof through which the movable extremities of said brake shoes may enter, a cam positioned in said hollow boss and extending into operative relationship with said brake shoes, a shaft having a universal joint connection with said cant at one end and a movable joint support at the other end, and means for actuating the said shaft.

3. Mechanism for differentially controlling brakes on the steering wheels of a vehicle comprising, in. combination, a steering pivot between the wheel spindle and vehicle axle, a brake-applying device swivelling with the wheel, a shaft for applying the brakes, a. universal joint between the shaft and saiddevice arranged above and substantially in line with the steering pivot and having its vertical axis crossing the axis of the steering pivot to release the brake when on the outside of a turn in the manner described, a chassis frame having a universal support for the opposite end of the shaft, and an operating arm for the shaft arranged between the universal joint and the chassis frame. I

4. Mechanism for differentially controlling brakes on the steering wheels of a vehicle comprising, in combination, a steering pivot between the wheel spindle and the vehicle axle, a bral e-applying cam and a camshaft swivelling about the pivot with the spindle and wheel, a second sl -..it normally generally coaxial with respect to the camshaft, a universal joint connecting the camshaft and the second shaft and arranged above and substantially in line with the steering pivot and with its vertical axis crossing the axis of the steering pivot to release the brake when on the outside of a turn in the manner described, a chassis frame having a universal support for the inner end of the second shaft, and an operating arm for the second shaft arranged between the universal joint and the chassis frame.

Mechanism for controlling brakes on the steering wheels of a vehicle comprising, in combination, a steering pivot between the wheel spindle and vehicle axle, a chassis frame member, a brake-applying device swivclling with the wheel. a shaft for a)- plying the brakes, a universal joint sullstantial-ly in line with the steering pivot and connecting the device and said shaft, a universally-movable support for the shaft mounted on the chassis frame member. and an operating arm for the shaft arranged between the support and the universal joint.

6. Mechanism for operating a front wheel brake comprising, in combination, a steering pivot between the wheel spindle and the vehicle axle, a fixed support swivclling with the wheel spindle, a brake-applying cam having supporting shaft portions at both ends which are journallcd in said support, and operatingmeans including a universal joint connected to the cum through one of said portions substantially in the axis of the steering pivot.

7. Mechanism for operating a front wheel brake comprising, in combination, a steering pivot between the wheel spindle and the vc hicle axle, a fixed support swivelling with the wheel spindle, a brake-applying cam having supporting shaft portions at both ends which are journalled in said support, the inner of said shaft portions terminating in a fork 47, an operating shaft terminating in a fork 46 at right angles to fork 47, and a ball grooved to receive both forks and arranged substantially in the axis of the steering pivot.

.8. A brake applying device comprising a cam having integral shaft portions at both ends, one of which terminates in a fork forming part of a universal joint.

9. In a brake, in combination, a brake drum, a support at the open side of the drum, friction means between the support and drum having adjacent separable ends, a hollow boss on the support having open- Hit) lit)

ings in its sides into which said ends extend,

and brakwexpanding means extnding :1:ially into the hollmv bass and e ngagl ng the drqm, friction means between the support and drum having achacenft separable ands,

a hollow boss on ,the support hav ing openings in its sides into Whiqh'said ends extend,

a shaft extending axial iy intothe hollow affix my signa- Hm 33x1 PERBQT;

boss, 2113.0, cam 0n the shaft between and engaging iihe epmiable In testimony wnreof, I cure. 

